Rotatable abutment valve rotary piston device

ABSTRACT

A device made of casing defining an annular chamber having a pair of spaced cross sectional annular chamber openings facing each other. An abutment valve guide cavity having the above pair of spaced openings positioned on opposite sides thereof and communicating with said valve guide cavity is provided. The inner bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity where they mate with an abutment valve are outward facing convex spherical shapes having their centers common with said annular chamber. A rotatable shaft is mounted in the casing and axially aligned with the annular chamber. A flywheel is attached to the shaft. A rotor with a convex spherical shaped periphery which is concentrically aligned with the outward facing convex spherical mating inner bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity is fixedly attached to said shaft. The rotor periphery forms the inner surface of the annular chamber. A piston is fixed on the rotor and is aligned to rotate within the annular chamber. This piston is sealingly fitted into the annular chamber. An abutment valve with concave spherical inner surfaces which mate with the outward facing convex spherical inner bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity is rotatably mounted in said valve guide cavity in said casing. It is positioned between the spaced openings in the annular chamber and within the abutment valve guide cavity. The exterior of the abutment valve is shaped to fit into the abutment valve guide cavity so as to intermittently and simulataneously seal both of said spaced openings in the annular chamber with deep dynamic seals each mean one half revolution of the abutment valve. This abutment valve has an aperture therethrough to permit passage of the piston through the abutment valve with each revolution of the piston. The abutment valve rotates within the abutment valve guide cavity. Timing apparatus is provided to time the rotation of the abutment valve so that it revolves at mean one half the speed of the piston. Apparatus is provided to intake fluid to the annular chamber and simultaneously with the intake, to exhaust fluid from the annular chamber.

ilrrited States Patent [191 Small, J r.

[ Dec. 10, 1974 ROTATABLE ABUTMENT VALVE ROTARY PISTON DEVICE Cyrus E. Small, Jr., 541 7th Ave., Laurel, Miss; 39440 22 Filed: Apr. 2, 1973 21 Appl. No.: 347,157

[76] Inventor:

[52] US. Cl 418/226, 41 8/227, 418/234 [51] Int. Cl. F04c 17/00 [58] Field of Search 418/195, 223, 224, 226, 418/227, 234

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,879,713 3/1959 Pelladeau 418/195 X 3,073,288 1/1963 Moriarty 418/195 X Primary Examiner-C. J. Husar Assistant Examiner-Leonard Smith Attorney, Agent, or F irm-Melvin L. Mitchell [5 7 ABSTRACT common with said annular chamber. A rotatable shaft is mounted in the casing and axially aligned with the annular chamber. A flywheel is attached to the shaft. A rotor with a convex spherical shaped periphery which is concentrically aligned with the outward facing convex spherical mating inner bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity is fixedly attached to said shaft. The rotor periphery forms the inner surface of the annular chamber. A piston is fixed on the rotor and is aligned to rotate within the annular chamber. This piston is sealingly fitted into the annular chamber. An abutment valve with concave spherical inner surfaces which mate with the outward facing convex spherical inner bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity is rotatably mounted in said valve guide cavity in said casing. It is positioned between the spaced openings in the annular chamber and within the abutment valve guide cavity. The exterior of the abutment valve is shaped to fit into the abutment valve guide cavity so as to intermittently'and simulataneously seal both of said spaced openings in the annular chamber with deep dynamic seals each mean one half revolution of the abutment valve. This abutment valve has an aperture therethrough to permit passage of the piston through the abutment valve with each revolution of the piston. The abutment valve rotates within the abutment valve guide cavity. Timing apparatus is provided to time the rotation of the abutment valve so that it revolves at mean one half the speed of the piston..Apparatus is provided to intake fluid to the annular chamber and simultaneously with the intake, to exhaust fluid from the annular chamber.

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lllnlllllllllllllllllldllllllllllllllllI l O W roco -llll Ildl PATENTED DEC 1 Y SFEET 301 6 FIGURE 3 ROTATABLE ABUTMENT VALVE ROTARY PISTON DEVICE FIELD OF INVENTION This invention relates to the field of rotary engines, rotary pumps and compressors.

DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART Rotary piston devices, whether used as an engine, pump, or compressor, have many desirable features, the most prominent of which is that movement of the piston element in such devices is unidirectional thereby eliminating some and reducing other destructive forces caused in devices which have pistons that move in two directions. Furthermore, rotary piston devices do not have the power loss inherent in devices having two directional pistons.

However, in almost all known rotary piston device,

I there is at least one dynamic seal of the line contact type which makes a poor seal under high pressure conditions. Furthermore, the line contact seal tends to wear out quickly in use and the point of line contact becomes excessively wom from relatively short operanon.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In brief,'this invention resides in a casing having an annular chamber with a pair of spaced annular chamber openings facing each other formed by the intersection of an abutment valve guide cavity with the entire cross sectional'area of said annular chamber; an abutment valve guide cavity is formed within said case wherein the pair of spaced substantially cross sectional annular chamber openings which are the two ends of the annular chamber and communicate with said abutment valve guide cavity are positioned on opposite sides of this abutment valve guide cavity and the abutment valve mating inner bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity are outward facing convex spherical shapes having their centers common with said annular chamber; a rotatable shaft with a flywheel attached is mounted in the casing and is axially aligned with the annular chamber; a rotor having a convex spherical shaped periphery is fixed to the shaft wherein the rotor periphery is concentricly aligned with the outward facing convex spherical mating inner bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity and the rotor periphery forms the inner surface of the annular chamber; a'piston fixed to the rotor is aligned to rotate within the annular chamber and is sealingly fitted into the annular chamber; an abutment valve with concave spherical inner surfaces which sealingly mate with the outward facing convex spherical inner bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity and rotor periphery is rotatably mounted in the casing between the spaced openings in the annular chamber and within the abutment valve guide cavity wherein the exterior of the abutment valve is shaped to fit into said abutment valve guide cavity to intermittently and simultaneously seal.- ingly mates with both of said spaced openings in the end of the annular chamber which communicate with said abutment valve guide cavity with deep dynamic seals each mean one half revolution of said abutment valve which rotates at one half the speed of the piston so that after the piston has passed through the aperture provided in the abutment valve the exterior surfaces of the abutment valve will close the spaced openings in the annular chamber with progressively deeping dynamic seals; fluid inlet and exhaust passages communicating with the annular chamber are provided and valves in such passages are situated and designed such that when the abutment valve seals both openings in the annular chamber fluid is simultaneously admitted to the annular chamber and exhausted therefrom when used as a fluid actuated motor, a liquid pump or gas DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS In the Drawings: FIG. 1 is a vertical cross'section view wherein shafts,

' flywheel and rotor are not cut by the section.

FIG. 2 is a side elevational view having the case broken away to show abutment valve, piston, annular chamber and fluid intake system.

FIG. 3 is a perspective phantom drawing to illustrate the interrelationship among the abutment valve, piston and annular chamber.

FIG. 4 is a side elevation view broken away in part to show abutment valve, piston, annular chamber and fluid exhaust system.

FIG. 5 is a top sectional view taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross section through the center of the annular chamber perpendicular to shaft 6 wherein the abutment valve, drive wheel, valve seat segments, adjustable supports and piston are not cut by the section.

FIG. 7 illustrates an abutment valve having a cylindrical exterior surface and is a vertical cross section through the center of the annular chamber perpendicular to shaft 6 wherein the abutment valve, drive wheel, valve seat segments, adjustable supports and piston are not cut by the section.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT Referring to FIG. 1, the embodiment of the invention as shown by the drawings herein is constructed by providing a casing which is made up of annular chamber coverband 48, end annular chamber wall block 49, valve bearingplate 50, inside annular chamberwall block 51, timing gear cover plate 52, gear housing 53, top cover plate 54, gear case 55, and keystone block 56. These blocks are machined and joined by dowel of openings which face each other across said abutment valve guide cavity. The face of each of said openings is the interior surface 36 of valve guide sleeve 19. Thus these openings formed by said intersection of the abutment valve guide cavity with the annular chamber have a concave curvature such that the convex exterior of abutment valve 4 sealingly mates with the face of each of the pair of spaced openings in the annular chamber. The face of said pair of spaced openings can be parallel with one another to conform to the shape of an abutment valve having a substantially cylindrical exterior surface or the faces of said openings can be nonparallel, converging toward the interior of said annular chamber to conform to the shape of an abutment valve having a substantially cone shaped exterior surface, this shape being shown in FIGS. 1 through 6, herein.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 through 6,

which is the preferred but not the only embodiment,

the walls of the annular chamber are non-parallel, diverging as the distance from shaft 6 which is rotatably mounted in the case, axially aligned with the annular chamber and has fixedly mounted thereupon flywheel and rotor 2 increases. As the walls defining the chamber diverge the cross section of the chamber increases. It follows that for the seal to be made between piston 3, which is fixedly mounted on rotor 2, and the surfaces of the chamber, the size of the piston must increase proportionally, thereby increasing the working surface of the piston. For every unit of increase in the distance of the outermost surface 22 of annular chamber 1 from the center line of shaft 6 the increase in cross section of the annular chamber is greater when the chamber walls diverge than when they are parallel or converge. Thus when all other elements remain constant the greatest annular chamber cross sectional area is obtained by providing diverging chamber walls.

Fluid tight slip joints 28, 29 and 30 are formed between piston 3 and the annular chamber walls.

An abutment valve guide cavity is formed by valve sleeve 19 having an interior surface 36 along with valve seat segments 17 and 17A. Valve seat segments 17 and 17A are positioned atand form the inner bottom surface of the abutment valve guide cavity. The surface of valve seat segments 17 and 17A at the area where they mate with the inner surfaces 44 and 44A of abutment valve 4 are outward facing convex spherical in shape and the conforming mating surfaces therewith of the annular chamber openings formed in valve guide sleeve 19 are positioned on opposite sides of said cavity. 1

Valve sleeve 19 has static seal 38 on one side and static seal 40 on the opposite side joining valve seat segments l7 and 17A, respectively. Slip joints 33, 34 and 35 are formed between the exterior surface 23 of abutment valve 4 and the interior surface 36 of valve sleeve 19 which make deep surface to surface seals with controllable clearance as required.

Fluid tight slip joint 43 is formed between conforming concave spherical inner surfaces 44 and 44A of abutment valve 4 and is concentricly aligned with the convex spherical surfaces of the periphery of rotor 2 and avlve seat segments 17 and 17A. Fluid tight slip joints 41 and 42 are formed between the case and rotor 2. Static seals 37 and 39 are formed between the casing and valve sleeve 19. Static seals 38 and 40 are between valve sleeve 19 and valve seat segments 17 on one side and 17A on the other side.

Abutment valve 4 has conforming concave spherical inner surfaces 44 and 44A which slidably mate with the inner bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity, more specifically, valve seat segments 17 and 17A, which are convex spherical in shape along said mating surface areas forming concentric bispherical fluid tight seals on each side.

Abutment valve 4 is rotatably mounted at its top in the case and is held in position and guided by valve sleeve 19 and valve seat segments 17 and 17A. The concave inner surfaces 44 and 44A of abutment valve 4 also concentrically mate with the convex spherical surface of the periphery of rotor 2 to form a bispherical fluid tight seal therewith.

Abutment valve 4 can have a substantially cylindrical exterior surface 23 or exterior surface 23 can converge toward the center of the rotary device to form a substantially cone shaped exterior as shown. The spaced openings in the annular chamber where it communicates with the valve guide cavity have to be so shaped and designed as to conform to the exterior shape of the abutment valve. Because of the close mating required herein the distance from the axial center line of the abutment valve at any given point to the face of each spaced opening is substantially the same as the radius of the abutment valve which has either a cone shaped exterior surface to form a concentric biconical dynamic seal, or cylindrical shaped exterior surface to form a concentric bicylindrical dynamic seal.

Abutment valve 4 has an aperture 5 therethrough to permit passage of piston 3 through abutment valve 4 with each revolution of piston 3. Abutment valve 4, as is obvious, rotates within said abutment valve guide cavity. The relative motion of abutment valve 4 and piston 3 are controlled by a timing apparatus including shaft 6 which has mounted thereupon timing gear 7 which engages with timing gear 8 mounted on timing shaft 9 which in turn has mounted thereupon timing gear 10 which engages with timing gear 11 on abutment valve 4. This timing gear design is suchthat for every revolution of piston 3 abutment valve 4 will rotate mean one half revolution permitting piston 3 to pass through aperture 5 with each complete revolution thereof. Should such prove desirable it is possible that gears lfl and 11 can be made eliptical or square so that at various points in its revolution abutment valve 4 could be turning either faster or slower than at other points in a single revolution.

Vane piston 3 in its rotation passes through abutment valve 4 at aperture 5. Vane piston 3 has outside surface 27 of a convex cylindrical shape which sealingly mates with case surface 22 which is concave cylindrical in shape to form a concentric bicylindrical surfaced fluid tight slip joint 28 between piston 3 and cover band 48. In the embodiment shown convex conical surfaces 20 and 21 define the walls of annular chamber 1 and sealingly mate with vane piston 3 having concave conical sides 31 and 32 to form concentric biconical surfaced fluid tight slip joints 29 and 30, respectively. Although a vane piston is shown herein, this should not be con strued to mean that pistons of other shapes and forms could not be employed. The basic piston requirement is that it must have substantially the same configuration as the annular chamber and must be sealingly fitted in the annular chamber. For example, should it be desirable to have an annular chamber with a circular cross sectional area then the piston must have a circular cross sectional area to so conform with and provide the necessary sealing requirements.

Dynamic seals 33, 34 and 35 are concentric biconical surfaced and are formed between abutment valve 4 and valve sleeve 19. Joints 24, 25 and 26 along with joints 37, 38, 39 and 40 are static and are made fluid tight by conventional sealing methods.

The inner surface of annular chamber 1 is formed by the periphery of rotor 2 which is convex spherical in shape so as to sealingly and concentricly mate-with the conforming concave spherical shape of inner surfaces 44 and 44A of abutment valve 4. The radii of the conv ex periphery of rotor 2, the surface on valve seat seg ments 17 and 17A which mate with the inner surfaces 44 and 44A of abutment valve 4, and said inner surfaces 44 and 44A are all substantially the same, differing only sufficiently to permit the inner surfaces 44 and 44A to slidably move on the periphery of rotor 2 and valve seat segments 17 and 17A thereby forming concentric bispherical surface to surface dynamic seals.

Shaft 6 has mounted thereupon flywheel having belt groove 16 cut therein adapted to accept either a power input to said shaft 6 or to be a power take off, depending on the useage of the device.

Attached to end annular chamber wall block 49 and disposed in shaft 6 is throttle valve 14 in combination with inlet passage 12. Rotary valve 13 is set in inlet passage 12 and is adjusted so that as abutment valve 4 is in the open position, when piston 3 is passing therethrough, said rotary valve 13 is closed. And when abutment valve 4 is closed then rotary valve 13 is open.

Referring to FIG. 2 which shows abutment valve 4 in the closed position, when piston 3 rotates counterclockwise, as viewed from the right hand elevation, then inlet passage 12 discharges into annular chamber 1 on the counterclockwise side of abutment valve 4 adjacent to valve guide sleeve 19 and end annular chamber wall block 49 at static seal 39. Should the piston direction be reversed then the inlet and exhaust passages would be reversed in position with reference to abutment valve 4.

FIG. 3- is employed herein to illustrate the relationship between abutment valve 4 and piston 3 as they rotate through each cycle. In FIG. 3 abutment valve 4 is shown in a configuration that has the smallest possible aperture to allow passage of piston 3 whereas in the other Figures abutment valve 4 is shown as having a much larger aperture.

In FIG. 4 abutment valve 4 is shown in the closed position and primarily illustrates the exhaust system. When piston 3 rotates counterclockwise, as viewed from the left elevation as shown in the subject embodiment, then discharge port is positioned on the clockwise side of and adjacent to valve guide sleeve 19 and end annular chamber wall block 49 at static seal 39 to abutment valve 4. Discharge port 45 opens into exhaust 47 which has mounted therein check valve 46. The inlet and exhaust ports in the annular chamber are usually located close to the abutment valve. Thus good heat transfer to and from the internal working parts of this device can be effected.

In FIG. 5 abutment valve 4 is in the open position with piston 3 in the process of passing through aperture 5. In this view adjustable supports 18 and 18A are shown as being so affixed to valve seat segments 17 and 17A. These supports, as shown, are positioned on the interior side of abutment valve 4 and adjacent to the high pressure side of abutment valve 4 at the bottom thereof, when the device is used as a fluid actuated motor. The deformation of the high pressure side of abutment valve 4, which would otherwise occur, is prevented by these supports which are generally adjust able. Aside from the supports shown, it is also permissible to use idler rotary supports or gear driven rotary supports. These supports are generally unnecessary until pressure in the device becomes quite high. But at high pressure, because of the cantilevered nature of the abutment valve, there would be harmful deformation without support for the bottom of the abutment valve.

Inlet part 12 and discharge part 45 as they communicate with the annular chamber are shown in FIG. 6 where piston 3 is shown half way through a power stroke and abutment valve 4 is in the sealed position.

An embodiment of the device wherein the exterior surface of abutment valve 4 is cylindrical is shown in FIG. 7 with abutment valve 4 in position where the spaced openings in annular chamber 1 are sealed.

In operation as a compressor or pump, power is applied from an external source through belt groove 16. With throttle valve 14 open, fluid is thereby drawn in through inlet passage 12 when abutment valve 4 is in the closed position. Fluid which precedes piston 3 is forced out of annular chamber 1 through exhaust line 47. Thereafter as abutment valve 4 continues its rotation to the open position to permit passage of piston 3, simultaneously rotary valve 13 shuts off any intake of fluid while any backflow is prevented by check valve 46. As passage of the piston 3 progresses through abutment valve 4 said abutment valve is starting to close and when piston 3 has completely passed therethrough abutment valve 4 simultaneously sealingly mates with both of said spaced openings in valve guide sleeve 19 which are the two ends of the annular chamber with deep dynamic seals of the surface to surface type and another working stroke is begun. This almost instantaneous sealing of both said spaced openings the face of each of which is the inner surface of valve guide sleeve 19, by mating with the exterior of abutment valve 4 occurs intermittently and simultaneously as each cycle is carried out, making possible a high pressure impulse at the beginning of the pumping stroke.

When operated as an expanding gas engine orhydraulic motor, with throttle valve 14 open, fluid under pressure enters annular chamber 1 through inlet passage 12 behind vane piston 3 when abutment valve 4 is closed, thus simultaneously sealing both of said spaced openings instantaneously, making possible a high pressure impulse at the beginning of the power stroke. Fluid under-pressure pressing against abutment valve 4 and vane piston 3 causes rotation of vane piston 3. Spent fluid is forced through check valve 46 out through exhaust line 47 while vane piston 3 is rotating through a power stroke. As abutment valve 4 opens, rotary valve 13 closes, stopping the flow of fluid into annular chamber 1 and check valve 46 prevents any backflow of fluid into annular chamber 1. When piston 3 has completely passed through abutment valve 4 then annular chamber 1 is again sealed and more fluid under pressure is released by rotary valve 13 and enters annular chamber 1 and another power stroke begins.

When used as a single chamber hydraulic motor or expanding engine a sealed annular chamber condition must be established in order to produce a power stroke and thus set the flywheel in motion. Where the flywheel has been rotated approximately 90 from the position shown in FIG. 1 the necessary sealed condition, as shown in FIG. 2, will be produced and rotary valve 13 will open and when throttle valve 14 is open the working fluid under pressure will enter inlet passage 12 and thence into annular chamber 1 between abutment valve 4 and vane piston 3 to produce rotary motion. When the inertia of flywheel 15 has reached sufficient magnitude to carry vane piston 3 through abutment valve 4, repeated working strokes are accomplished. Thus working torque can be transmitted by a belt of proper size and shape placed in belt groove 16 to perform useful work.

It is understood that a vane piston is preferred but pistons of other shapes and configurations are useful and permissible. All nine slip joints closing off the annular chamber are of the concentric bisurface close control clearance type forming deep dynamic seals of meaningful depth thus making possible the placement of rings and wipers therein to suit for efficient high pressure sealing.

What I claim:

1. A rotary piston device comprising:

a. A casing;

b. means defining an annular chamber within said casing wherein said annular chamber has a pair of spaced openings, which are formed by the intersection of an abutment valve guide cavity with the entire cross sectional area of said annular chamber, facing each other, said pair of openings being the ends of said annular chamber;

c. means defining an abutment valve guide cavity within said casing wherein said pair of spaced openings are positioned on opposite sides of said abutment valve guide cavity, said openings communicating with said abutment valve guide cavity and said cavity having a plurality of spaced abutment valve mating inner bottom surfaces which are outward facing convex spherical in shape with the centers of said convex spherical surfaces being common with the axial center of said annular chamber;

d. a rotatable shaft mounted in said casing, axially aligned with said annular chamber and having a flywheel affixed thereto;

e. a rotor fixedly attached to said shaft, the periphery of said rotor being convex spherical in shape wherein said periphery is concentrically aligned with the abutment valve mating inner bottom outward facing surfaces of said abutment valve guide cavity and wherein said rotor periphery forms the inner surface of said annular chamber;

f. a piston fixedly attached to said rotor having a configuration substantially the same as and sealingly fitted in said annular chamber and being aligned to rotate within said annular chamber;

g. an abutment valve having a plurality of concave spherical inner surfaces which slidably mate with the plurality of spaced abutment valve mating inner bottom surfaces of said abutment valve guide cavity is rotatably mounted in said casing between said spaced openings in said annular chamber and within said abutment valve guide cavity wherein the exterior of said abutment valve is shaped to fit into said abutment valve guide cavity to intermittently and simultaneously seal both of said spaced openings with each mean one half revolution of 4 abutment valve has a substantially cylindrical exterior surface.

3. The rotary piston device of claim 1, wherein the abutment valve has a substantially cone shaped exterior surface.

4. The rotary piston device of claim 1, wherein the fluid intake means comprises:

a. an inlet passageway communicating with said annular chamber;

b. a throttle valve in said inlet passageway; and

c. a rotary valve set in said passageway adapted such that when said abutment valve is open said rotary valve is closed and when said abutment valve is closed said rotary valve is open.

5. The rotary piston device of claim 1, wherein the fluid exhaust means comprises:

a. an exhaust passageway communicating with said annular chamber; and

b. a check valve mounted in said exhaust passageway to prevent any backflow of fluid to said annular chamber.

6. A rotary piston device comprising:

a. a casing;

b. means defining an annular chamber within said casing wherein said annular chamber has a pair of spaced openings, which are formed by the intersection of an abutment valve guide cavity with the entire cross-sectional area of said annular chamber, facing each other, said pair of openings being the ends of said annular chamber;

c. means defining an abutment valve guide cavity within said casing wherein said pair of spaced openings are positioned on opposite sides of said abutment valve guide cavity, said openings communicating with said abutment valve guide cavity and said cavity having a plurality of spaced abutment valve mating inner bottom surfaces which are outward facing convex spherical in shape with the centers of said convex spherical surfaces being common with the axial center of said annular chamber;

(1. a rotatable shaft mounted in said casing, axially aligned with said annular chamber and having a flywheel affixed thereto;

e. a rotor fixedly attached to said shaft, the periphery of said rotor being convex spherical in shape wherein said periphery is concentrically aligned with the abutment valve mating inner bottom outward facing surfaces of said abutment valve guide cavity and wherein said rotor periphery forms the inner surface of said annular chamber;

f. a piston fixedly attached to said rotor having a configuration substantially the same as and sealingly fitted in said annular chamber and being aligned to rotate within said annular chamber;

g. an abutment valve having a plurality of concave spherical inner surfaces which slidably mate with the plurality of spaced abutment valve mating inner bottom surfaces of said abutment valve guide cavity is rotatably mounted in said casing between said spaced openings in said annular chamber and within said abutment valve guide cavity wherein the exterior of said abutment valve is shaped to fit into said abutment valve guide cavity to intermittently and simultaneously seal both of said spaced openings with each mean one half revolution of said abutment valve wherein said abutment valve has an aperture therethrough to permit passage of said piston through said abutment valve with each revolution of said piston;

b. means for timing the rotation of said abutment valve such that it revolves at mean one half the speed of said piston;

i. means for the intake of fluid to said annular chamber comprising:

A. An inlet passageway communicating with said annular chamber;

B. A throttle valve in said inlet passageway; and

C. A rotary valve set in said passageway adapted such that when said abutment valve is open said rotary valve is closed and when said abutment valve is closed said rotary valve is open;

j. means for, simultaneously with said fluid intake, exhausting fluid from said annular chamber comprising:

A. an exhaust passageway communicating with said annular chamber; and I B. A check valve mounted in said exhaust passageway to prevent backflow of fluid to said annular chamber.

7. The rotary piston device of claim 18 wherein said abutment valve has a substantially cylindrical exterior surface which simultaneously, sealingly mates to form concentric bicylindrical surface to surface dynamic seals with the face of each of said pair of spaced openings in the ends of said annular chamber wherein the radial distance at any given point from the axial centerline of said abutment valve to the face of each of said spaced openings in substantially the same as the radius of said cylindrical exterior surface of the abutment valve and the inner surfaces of said abutment valve which mate with the convex spherical mating inner-bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity are concave spherical in shape forming concentric bispherical seals.

8. The rotary piston device of claim 18 wherein said abutment valve has a substantially cone shaped exterior surface which simultaneously, sealingly mates to form concentric biconical surface to surface dynamic seals with the face of each of said pair of'spaced openings in the ends of said annular chamber wherein the radial distance at any given point from the axial centerline of said abutment valve to the face of each spaced opening is substantially the same as the radius of said cone shaped abutment valve and the inner surfaces of said abutment valve which mate with the convex spherical .mating inner bottom surfacesof the abutment valve guide cavity are concave spherical in shape forming concentric bispherical seals.

9. A rotary piston device comprising:

a. a casing;

b. means defining an annular chamber within said casing wherein said annular chamber has a pair of spaced openings, which are formed by the intersection of an abutment valve guide cavity with the entire cross-sectional area of said annular chamber, facing each other, said pair of openings being the ends of said annular chamber;

c. means defining an abutment valve guide cavity within said casing wherein said pair of spaced openings are positioned on opposite sides of said abutment valve guide cavity, said openings communicating with said abutment valve guide cavity and said cavity having a plurality of spaced abutment valve mating inner bottom surfaces which are outward facing convex spherical in shape with the centers of said convex spherical surfaces being common with the axial center of said annular chamber;

d. a rotatable shaft mounted in said casing, axially aligned with said annular chamber and having a flywheel affixed thereto;

e. a rotor fixedly attached to said shaft, the periphery of said rotor being convex spherical in shape wherein said periphery is concentrically aligned with the abutment valve mating inner bottom outward facing surfaces of said abutment valve guide cavity and wherein said rotor periphery forms the inner surface of said annular chamber;

f. a piston fixedly attached to said rotor having a configuration substantially the same as and sealingly fitted in said annular chamber and being aligned to rotate within said annular chamber;

g. an abutment valve having two concave spherical inner surfaces which slidably mate with two spaced abutment valve mating inner bottom outward facing surfaces of said abutment valve guide cavity is rotatably mounted in said casing between said spaced openings in said annular chamber wherein said openings are the ends of the annular chamber and within said abutment valve guide cavity wherein said abutment valve has a substantially cone shaped exterior surface which sealingly mates to form concentric biconical surface to surface dynamic seals with the face of each of said pair of spaced openings in the ends of said annular chamber wherein the radial distance at any given point from the axial centerline of said abutment valve to the face of each spaced opening is substantially the same as the radius of said cone shaped abutment valve and the inner surfaces of said abutment valve which mate with the convex spherical mating inner bottom outward facing surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity are concave spherical in shape forming concentric bispherical seals wherein said abutment valve intermittently andsimultaneously seals both of said spaced openings in said annular chamber with each mean one half revolution of said abutment valve and said abutment valve has an aperture therethrough to permit passage of said piston through said abutment valve with each revolution of said piston; Y

h. means for timing the rotation of said abutment valve such that it revolves at means one half the speed of said piston;

i. means for the intake of fluid to said chamber comprising:

A. An inlet passageway communicating with said annular chamber;

B. A throttle valve in said inlet passageway; and

C. A rotary valve set in said passageway adapted such that when said abutment valve is open said rotary valve is closed and when said abutment valve is closed said rotary valve is open;

j. means for, simultaneously with said fluid intake, exhausting fluid from said annular chamber compris- A. an exhaust passageway communicating with said annular chamber; and

B. A check valve mounted in said exhaust passageway to prevent backflow of fluid to said annular chamber.

10. The rotary piston device of claim 9, wherein the walls of said chamber are non-parallel, diverging as the 12 distance from the axis of said annular chamber increases.

11. The rotary piston device of claim 9, wherein said abutment valve has a substantially cylindrical exterior surface which simultaneously, sealingly mates to form concentric bycylindrical surface to surface dynamic seals with the face of each of said pair of spaced openings in the ends of said annular chamber wherein the radial distance at any given point from the axial centerline of said abutment valve to the face of each spaced opening is substantially the same as the radius of said abutment valve and the inner surfaces of said abutment valve which mate with the convex spherical mating inner bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity are concave spherical in'shape forming concentric bispherical seals.

12. The rotary piston device of claim 9, wherein adjustable supports are positioned on the interior of said abutment valve and adjacent to the high pressure side thereof at the bottom of said abutment valve to prevent deformation thereof. 

1. A rotary piston device comprising: a. A casing; b. means defining aN annular chamber within said casing wherein said annular chamber has a pair of spaced openings, which are formed by the intersection of an abutment valve guide cavity with the entire cross sectional area of said annular chamber, facing each other, said pair of openings being the ends of said annular chamber; c. means defining an abutment valve guide cavity within said casing wherein said pair of spaced openings are positioned on opposite sides of said abutment valve guide cavity, said openings communicating with said abutment valve guide cavity and said cavity having a plurality of spaced abutment valve mating inner bottom surfaces which are outward facing convex spherical in shape with the centers of said convex spherical surfaces being common with the axial center of said annular chamber; d. a rotatable shaft mounted in said casing, axially aligned with said annular chamber and having a flywheel affixed thereto; e. a rotor fixedly attached to said shaft, the periphery of said rotor being convex spherical in shape wherein said periphery is concentrically aligned with the abutment valve mating inner bottom outward facing surfaces of said abutment valve guide cavity and wherein said rotor periphery forms the inner surface of said annular chamber; f. a piston fixedly attached to said rotor having a configuration substantially the same as and sealingly fitted in said annular chamber and being aligned to rotate within said annular chamber; g. an abutment valve having a plurality of concave spherical inner surfaces which slidably mate with the plurality of spaced abutment valve mating inner bottom surfaces of said abutment valve guide cavity is rotatably mounted in said casing between said spaced openings in said annular chamber and within said abutment valve guide cavity wherein the exterior of said abutment valve is shaped to fit into said abutment valve guide cavity to intermittently and simultaneously seal both of said spaced openings with each mean one half revolution of said abutment valve wherein said abutment valve has an aperture therethrough to permit passage of said piston through said abutment valve with each revolution of said piston; h. means for timing the rotation of said abutment valve such that it revolves at mean one half the speed of said piston; i. means for the intake of fluid to said annular chamber; and j. means for, simultaneously with said fluid intake, exhausting fluid from said annular chamber.
 2. The rotary piston device of claim 1 wherein said abutment valve has a substantially cylindrical exterior surface.
 3. The rotary piston device of claim 1, wherein the abutment valve has a substantially cone shaped exterior surface.
 4. The rotary piston device of claim 1, wherein the fluid intake means comprises: a. an inlet passageway communicating with said annular chamber; b. a throttle valve in said inlet passageway; and c. a rotary valve set in said passageway adapted such that when said abutment valve is open said rotary valve is closed and when said abutment valve is closed said rotary valve is open.
 5. The rotary piston device of claim 1, wherein the fluid exhaust means comprises: a. an exhaust passageway communicating with said annular chamber; and b. a check valve mounted in said exhaust passageway to prevent any backflow of fluid to said annular chamber.
 6. A rotary piston device comprising: a. a casing; b. means defining an annular chamber within said casing wherein said annular chamber has a pair of spaced openings, which are formed by the intersection of an abutment valve guide cavity with the entire cross-sectional area of said annular chamber, facing each other, said pair of openings being the ends of said annular chamber; c. means defining an abutment valve guide cavity within said casing wherein said pair of spaced openings are positioned on opposite sides of said abutment valve guide cavity, said openings communicating with said abutment valve guIde cavity and said cavity having a plurality of spaced abutment valve mating inner bottom surfaces which are outward facing convex spherical in shape with the centers of said convex spherical surfaces being common with the axial center of said annular chamber; d. a rotatable shaft mounted in said casing, axially aligned with said annular chamber and having a flywheel affixed thereto; e. a rotor fixedly attached to said shaft, the periphery of said rotor being convex spherical in shape wherein said periphery is concentrically aligned with the abutment valve mating inner bottom outward facing surfaces of said abutment valve guide cavity and wherein said rotor periphery forms the inner surface of said annular chamber; f. a piston fixedly attached to said rotor having a configuration substantially the same as and sealingly fitted in said annular chamber and being aligned to rotate within said annular chamber; g. an abutment valve having a plurality of concave spherical inner surfaces which slidably mate with the plurality of spaced abutment valve mating inner bottom surfaces of said abutment valve guide cavity is rotatably mounted in said casing between said spaced openings in said annular chamber and within said abutment valve guide cavity wherein the exterior of said abutment valve is shaped to fit into said abutment valve guide cavity to intermittently and simultaneously seal both of said spaced openings with each mean one half revolution of said abutment valve wherein said abutment valve has an aperture therethrough to permit passage of said piston through said abutment valve with each revolution of said piston; h. means for timing the rotation of said abutment valve such that it revolves at mean one half the speed of said piston; i. means for the intake of fluid to said annular chamber comprising: A. An inlet passageway communicating with said annular chamber; B. A throttle valve in said inlet passageway; and C. A rotary valve set in said passageway adapted such that when said abutment valve is open said rotary valve is closed and when said abutment valve is closed said rotary valve is open; j. means for, simultaneously with said fluid intake, exhausting fluid from said annular chamber comprising: A. an exhaust passageway communicating with said annular chamber; and B. A check valve mounted in said exhaust passageway to prevent backflow of fluid to said annular chamber.
 7. The rotary piston device of claim 18 wherein said abutment valve has a substantially cylindrical exterior surface which simultaneously, sealingly mates to form concentric bicylindrical surface to surface dynamic seals with the face of each of said pair of spaced openings in the ends of said annular chamber wherein the radial distance at any given point from the axial centerline of said abutment valve to the face of each of said spaced openings in substantially the same as the radius of said cylindrical exterior surface of the abutment valve and the inner surfaces of said abutment valve which mate with the convex spherical mating inner bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity are concave spherical in shape forming concentric bispherical seals.
 8. The rotary piston device of claim 18 wherein said abutment valve has a substantially cone shaped exterior surface which simultaneously, sealingly mates to form concentric biconical surface to surface dynamic seals with the face of each of said pair of spaced openings in the ends of said annular chamber wherein the radial distance at any given point from the axial centerline of said abutment valve to the face of each spaced opening is substantially the same as the radius of said cone shaped abutment valve and the inner surfaces of said abutment valve which mate with the convex spherical mating inner bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity are concave spherical in shape forming concentric bispherical seals.
 9. A rotary piston device comprising: a. a casing; B. means defining an annular chamber within said casing wherein said annular chamber has a pair of spaced openings, which are formed by the intersection of an abutment valve guide cavity with the entire cross-sectional area of said annular chamber, facing each other, said pair of openings being the ends of said annular chamber; c. means defining an abutment valve guide cavity within said casing wherein said pair of spaced openings are positioned on opposite sides of said abutment valve guide cavity, said openings communicating with said abutment valve guide cavity and said cavity having a plurality of spaced abutment valve mating inner bottom surfaces which are outward facing convex spherical in shape with the centers of said convex spherical surfaces being common with the axial center of said annular chamber; d. a rotatable shaft mounted in said casing, axially aligned with said annular chamber and having a flywheel affixed thereto; e. a rotor fixedly attached to said shaft, the periphery of said rotor being convex spherical in shape wherein said periphery is concentrically aligned with the abutment valve mating inner bottom outward facing surfaces of said abutment valve guide cavity and wherein said rotor periphery forms the inner surface of said annular chamber; f. a piston fixedly attached to said rotor having a configuration substantially the same as and sealingly fitted in said annular chamber and being aligned to rotate within said annular chamber; g. an abutment valve having two concave spherical inner surfaces which slidably mate with two spaced abutment valve mating inner bottom outward facing surfaces of said abutment valve guide cavity is rotatably mounted in said casing between said spaced openings in said annular chamber wherein said openings are the ends of the annular chamber and within said abutment valve guide cavity wherein said abutment valve has a substantially cone shaped exterior surface which sealingly mates to form concentric biconical surface to surface dynamic seals with the face of each of said pair of spaced openings in the ends of said annular chamber wherein the radial distance at any given point from the axial centerline of said abutment valve to the face of each spaced opening is substantially the same as the radius of said cone shaped abutment valve and the inner surfaces of said abutment valve which mate with the convex spherical mating inner bottom outward facing surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity are concave spherical in shape forming concentric bispherical seals wherein said abutment valve intermittently and simultaneously seals both of said spaced openings in said annular chamber with each mean one half revolution of said abutment valve and said abutment valve has an aperture therethrough to permit passage of said piston through said abutment valve with each revolution of said piston; h. means for timing the rotation of said abutment valve such that it revolves at means one half the speed of said piston; i. means for the intake of fluid to said chamber comprising: A. An inlet passageway communicating with said annular chamber; B. A throttle valve in said inlet passageway; and C. A rotary valve set in said passageway adapted such that when said abutment valve is open said rotary valve is closed and when said abutment valve is closed said rotary valve is open; j. means for, simultaneously with said fluid intake, exhausting fluid from said annular chamber comprising: A. an exhaust passageway communicating with said annular chamber; and B. A check valve mounted in said exhaust passageway to prevent backflow of fluid to said annular chamber.
 10. The rotary piston device of claim 9, wherein the walls of said chamber are non-parallel, diverging as the distance from the axis of said annular chamber increases.
 11. The rotary piston device of claim 9, wherein said abutment valve has a substantially cylindrical exterior surface which simultaneously, sealingLy mates to form concentric bycylindrical surface to surface dynamic seals with the face of each of said pair of spaced openings in the ends of said annular chamber wherein the radial distance at any given point from the axial centerline of said abutment valve to the face of each spaced opening is substantially the same as the radius of said abutment valve and the inner surfaces of said abutment valve which mate with the convex spherical mating inner bottom surfaces of the abutment valve guide cavity are concave spherical in shape forming concentric bispherical seals.
 12. The rotary piston device of claim 9, wherein adjustable supports are positioned on the interior of said abutment valve and adjacent to the high pressure side thereof at the bottom of said abutment valve to prevent deformation thereof. 